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Highway guardrail, considered as a passive barrier, is widely installed to keep the vehicles running inside of road. When inevitable collision occurred, highway guardrails can effectively decelerate the speed of errant vehicles and redirect them back to the road by controlling the exit angles.
Benefits of Highway Guardrails
Longevity
Easy installation
Prevent vehicles from leaving the roadway
Reduce the possibility of cross-median collisions
kinetic energy absorption
Increased safety on the roads
Types of Highway Guardrails
W-Beam Guardrail
W-beam guardrail is a kind of road crash barrier used for securing highway safety by preventing errant vehicles from sliding out of the roads and impacting the roadside buildings or other objects. So it is most commonly fixed on the side of the highways, dock areas, aisles, especially on curves and slopes for protection against run-off-road collisions.
Three Beam Guardrail
Three beam guardrail features its shape of three waves, which has an added corrugation on the basic of traditional W-beam. Compared to two-wave shape products, this one has a stronger construction and higher impact endurance. It has been successfully impact-tested by a heavy truck and has showed its remarkable resistance against the crash force.
Box beam guardrail
Box beam guardrail, a kind of highway barrier, is not as common as traditional W beam or thrie beam guardrails, but it caters the need of appreciation of the beauty and is widely used not only on highways, but also in parks, picturesque bridges, etc.
The same as W-beam guardrails, it is made of high quality steel and plated with superior zinc coating or coated with PVC coating. Thereby, it is anti-rust and durable enough to endure the impact force. Additionally, there is no need of paying much money on the maintenance of the box beam guardrail, which makes it cost effectively in the long run.
Components of Highway Guardrails
The highway guardrail basically consists of two key parts; the guardrail face and the end terminal.
The guardrail face is exactly what it sounds like
The part that extends from the terminal along the road. Its function is simple and always the same: to redirect a vehicle that runs into it back onto the roadway.
The end terminal is the starting and ending point of the guardrail and is also referred to as the end treatment
The end needs to be treated with some kind of energy absorbing treatment because the impact from a vehicle is absorbed and then slides down the rail. The end terminal functions in two ways; if a vehicle hits head-on the impact head slides down the guardrail redirecting it away from the vehicle until the energy from the impact has dissipated and the vehicle has come to a stop. When a car hits at an angle, the impact head may extrude the guardrail or gate out, allowing the vehicle to pass behind the guardrail. So in this instance the guardrail is pushed through, much like the action of a gate opening.
How to Maintain Highway Guardrails
Routine inspections are highly important to check the highway guardrails for damage and repair. It includes inspecting the guardrail for any bents, loose connections, rust, and wear and tear. This inspection should be carried out by trained personnel who possess the right equipment to do so.
Any shortcomings or damage identified during the inspection should be repaired or replaced promptly. Damaged parts should be removed or replaced immediately to maintain the structural integrity of the guardrail. Repairs should be performed with safety standards in mind.
It is common for vegetation to grow alongside roads. It can reduce the effectiveness and visibility of guardrails. Regular trimming of the grass and removal of plants should be carried out to maintain its visibility to motorists.
With the advancement of technology and the evolution of new safety standards, guardrails may require upgrades or retrofits to enhance their utility and performance. This includes the use of new materials, improved energy-absorbing features, and reflective elements to improve visibility at night.
The entire system works together to absorb the kinetic impact energy of a vehicle collision with the guardrail. The impact energy is disbursed along the length of the barrier, thereby giving it the necessary crash impact absorption capacity. Some of the impact energy is transferred from the vehicle and its occupants to the barrier. This helps to reduce the force of impact on the vehicle and its occupants.
If a vehicle collides with an unforgiving object like a wall or tree that doesn’t absorb part of the impact energy, the full force of impact is taken by the vehicle. Reducing the impact force on the vehicle helps to reduce the level of damage to it. In turn, this can also help to reduce the impact injuries of the occupants.
These barriers also act to redirect vehicles back to their original path and to slow them down. For example, when a motorist falls asleep behind the wheel, and the vehicle careens off the road, a slight bump with an object can cause the driver to wake up.
Although not guaranteed, if the vehicle hits the barrier at an angle from the side, the bump can be enough to steer the vehicle along the length of the barrier, causing a friction sound. This sound and bump can help to wake the motorist, giving the driver time to correct their error without the vehicle leaving the safety of the travel path altogether.
The friction caused between the vehicle’s body and the steel from the W-beam can help to slow down the vehicle.
The height of the barrier should be selected according to the ground clearance, weight and speed of vehicles using the particular section of road.
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